25 JANUARY 1 FEBRUARY 2026

BRUSSELS EXPO | HEYSEL

Artworks

This section will be available this Autumn.

Galleries
Galleries Galerie AB - Agnès Aittouarès Franck Anelli Fine Art Ars Antiqua d'Arschot & Cie Art et Patrimoine - Laurence Lenne Arte-Fact Fine Art Artimo Fine Arts Galerie Ary Jan Galerie BA - Berthet Aittouarès HELENE BAILLY MARCILHAC Véronique Bamps Barbara Bassi Beck & Eggeling International Fine Art Galerie de la Béraudière Galerie Berès Bernier/Eliades Galeria Bessa Pereira Galerie BG Arts Boon Gallery Galerie Alexis Bordes Bernard Bouisset Galerie Boulakia Galerie Nicolas Bourriaud Brame & Lorenceau Cabinet of Curiosities - Honourable Silver Objects Galerie Capazza Giammarco Cappuzzo Fine Art Carlucci Gallery Galerie Jean-François Cazeau Galerie Cento Anni Chambre professionnelle belge de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne (CLAM) Citadelles & Mazenod CKS Gallery Claes Gallery Collectors Gallery COLNAGHI Costermans Dalton Somaré De Brock De Jonckheere Galerie Bernard De Leye Galerie Oscar De Vos De Wit Fine Tapestries De Zutter Art Gallery Dei Bardi Art Thomas Deprez Fine Arts Patrick Derom Gallery Desmet Fine Arts Virginie Devillez Fine Art DIE GALERIE Douwes Fine Art b.v. Epoque Fine Jewels Finch & Co Galerie Flak A&R Fleury Galerie La Forest Divonne Galerie Christophe Gaillard Galerie des Modernes Gilden's Art Gallery Grusenmeyer-Woliner Galerie Hadjer Galerie Haesaerts-le Grelle Philippe Heim Heutink Ikonen Galerie Hioco Hoffmans Antiques Huberty & Breyne Galerie Hurtebize rodolphe janssen Francis Janssens van der Maelen Kunsthaus Kende Harold t’Kint de Roodenbeke Florian Kolhammer Hartford Fine Art - Lampronti Gallery Alexis Lartigue Lemaire Galerie Lowet de Wotrenge Francis Maere Fine Arts Maison D'Art Maisonjaune Studio Martins&Montero Martos Gallery MARUANI MERCIER MassModernDesign Galerie Mathivet Mearini Fine Art Galerie Greta Meert Meessen Galerie la Ménagerie Mulier Mulier Gallery Jan Muller Antiques Klaas Muller NARDI VENEZIA Nosbaum Reding Dr. Nöth kunsthandel Galerie Nathalie Obadia, Paris/Brussels Objects With Narratives Galeria Jordi Pascual Galerie La Patinoire Royale Bach Pauline's Jewellery Box Pelgrims de Bigard Galerie Alexis Pentcheff Christophe Perlès Galerie Perrin Guy Pieters Gallery Gallery de Potter d’Indoye Galerie de la Présidence Pron Van Pruissen Asian Art QG Gallery Maison Rapin Almine Rech Stéphane Renard Fine Art Repetto Gallery robertaebasta Romigioli Antichità Laurent Schaubroeck Serge Schoffel - Art Premier Segoura Fine Art Edouard Simoens Gallery Herwig Simons Fine Arts Stern Pissarro Gallery Stone Gallery Galerie Taménaga TASCHEN TEMPLON The old Treasury Galerie Patrice Trigano unforget Decorative Arts Univers du Bronze Vagabond Antiques Gallery Sofie Van de Velde Van Herck-Eykelberg Galerie Raf Van Severen Samuel Vanhoegaerden Gallery Maurice Verbaet Gallery Galerie von Vertes Axel Vervoordt Galerie Dina Vierny VKD Jewels Galerie Florence de Voldère N. Vrouyr Floris van Wanroij Fine Art Galerie Watteeu by Edouard & Andrea de Caters Victor Werner WHITFORD Willow Gallery
 

Vagabond Antiques

Monumental carved marble Sundial Portugal, Oporto region, mid-18th century H 357 x W 130 x D 62 cm Portugal has a rich tradition of country houses and manors indigenously known as solares or quintas. Some were modelled on the great 18th century gardens of Le Notre and other landscape architects in France. Under King João, himself a great patron of the arts, began the great 18th century period of Portuguese baroque. The previous austere architectural style, albeit heavily influenced by Renaissance Italy, was replaced with exuberance. With great profits from its colonies and especially gold and precious stones from Minas Gerais and the Sertão of São Paulo in Brazil, it was the golden era of Portuguese architecture and ornament. From it there emerged a new artistic language. Named the Joanine, in honour of the King, it was an architectural style that transformed quintas not only in Portugal but also in the nation’s Atlantic provinces and overseas colonies. This spectacular sundial, monumental in scale, incorporates many architectural elements synonymous with the baroque architecture of the mid-18th century. It was a highly creative Italian who created a form of this style of architecture perfectly suited to Northern Portugal. Born in 1691 and trained in Sienna, Nicolau Nasoni arrived in Oporto in 1725. Having established his reputation by modernising the city’s cathedral, he was commissioned by Jeronimo de Tavora e Noronha to build the Church of Clerigos, one of Oporto’s great 18th century churches. Commissions for other churches and quintas followed, the most famous of which being the grand solar de Mateus, known all over the world for the rose wine that bears its name. The architectural composition of this sundial probably owes more to the façade of the Cas dos Porto Carreiro. Similar works was commissioned by Antonio de Vasconcelos Carvalho e Menezes, a wealthy Portuguese noble who made part of his wealth in Brazil, it was constructed by a Spanish architect but heavily influenced by Nasoni’s work. The volute scrolls and the foliate elements as well as the stylised lambrequins all echo Nasoni’s designs for the gilt woodwork of Oporto churches.

 

Almine Rech

vivian springford

untitled

Vivian Springford (USA, Wisconsin 1913-2003 New York) Untitled, circa 1973 Acrylic on canvas 182.9 x 183.5 x 3.2 cm Provenance: estate of the artist Exhibition: Almine Rech, 'Gesture & Form: Women in Abstraction', May 3rd - June 15th, 2024, New York, Upper East Side Vivian Springford’s 'Untitled', circa 1973, encapsulates the American painter’s expressive, vibrant style. During the late 1960s, Springford had come into her own as an artist. She had developed a signature visual vocabulary and a technique of stain painting to go with it, working with thinned paint to create kaleidoscopic, gestural works.

 

Martos Gallery

keith haring

Keith Haring (USA, Pennsylvania 1958-1990 New York) Untitled, 1988 Sumi ink on rice paper 62.2 x 86.4 cm Provenance: private collection, New York Exhibition: Keith Haring: Surface to Air, Martos Gallery, New York, 6 May-25 July 2025

 

Desmet Fine Arts

Two fragments of a wooden sarcophagus corner post of the Priest Horudja re-united after 50 years Wood Egypt, late Dynastic period, 26th Dynasty, circa 664-525 BC H 92 x W 15 x D 5.5 cm Accompanied by Art Loss Register certificates: S00238635 & S00238636 Provenance: Fragment A: Chakib Slatine, Paris (acquired 1975); private collection, Paris (acquired 1977). Fragment B: Chakib Slatine, Paris (acquired 1975); private collection, Paris (acquired 1977); Ede Gallery, London (of which acquired in 2020)

 

Alexis Lartigue

jean-paul riopelle

Jean-Paul Riopelle (Montreal 1923-2002 Saint-Antoine-de-l'Isle-aux-Grues) Untitled, 1955 Watercolour and ink on paper 64 x 49 cm Signed lower right 'Riopelle 55' Provenance: Claude Duthuit private collection Literature: Catalogue raisonné Jean Paul Riopelle, tome 2, 1954-1959, p. 368

 

Stone Gallery

Woolly rhinoceros skull Approx. 50.000 years old 100 x 100 x 35 cm Origin: Siberia This woolly rhinoceros skull is approximately 50,000 years old, belonging to one of the most impressive mammals in the recent history of Northern Europe and Northern Asia. There were even people who lived alongside these giants between around 30,000 and 15,000 years ago! Stone gallery has previously conducted expeditions in various countries but recently acquired this skull through a swap with a local museum. Roy says, 'It is the best-preserved and most complete skull I’ve ever seen. Even the teeth are all original.' Researchers and students from Maastricht University have digitised mammoth and rhinoceros fossils from the Ice Age, including this skull. With this technique, it’s possible to bring these extinct species back to life in motion and conduct new studies. 'We’re investigating how strong the bone structure is. For this, we use Finite Element Analyses, a method commonly applied in the construction of buildings and bridges. The study explores the forces exerted on the bones, such as during chewing. This helps us predict how and what the animal ate, as well as how well it was adapted to its enormous size.' - Paleontologist Dr. Jesse Hennekam, Assistant Professor, Maastricht University -

 

Dei Bardi Art

Marcus Aurelius (121-180 AD) Inspired by the Ancient Roman Type III bust of the Emperor Northern Italy, late 16th century Marble H 22.5 x W 16 x D 11 cm H 35 cm (with red marble base) Provenance: private collection, South of France Carved in Northern Italy in the late 16th century, this refined marble head portrays Marcus Aurelius, revered as the emblematic 'philosopher emperor'. Deliberately modeled on the ancient Roman Type III portrait created at the outset of his reign (161–180 AD), it reflects the Renaissance passion for reviving imperial imagery. Its intimate scale points to a cultivated humanist milieu - likely a private studiolo or collector’s cabinet. Responding to antiquarian collecting and humanist scholarship, the sculptor reinterprets the imperial model as an exemplum virtutis for early modern audiences. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, scholars and collectors, deeply engaged with ancient texts and material remains, regarded imperial portraiture as a privileged vehicle of moral exemplarity and aesthetic perfection.

 

Galerie von Vertes

jean dubuffet

Jean Dubuffet (Le Havre 1901-1985 Paris) Site avec deux personnages, 10 September 1982 Acrylic and collage on paper, mounted on canvas 67 x 100 cm Monogrammed and dated lower right 'J.D. 82' Verso numbered on the stretcher 'F146' Provenance: Waddington Galleries, London (verso with label); James Corcoran Gallery, Santa Monica (verso with label); Karsten Greve Galerie, Cologne (verso with label); private collection, Switzerland (acquired from the above) Literature: Max Loreau, Catalogue des travaux de Jean Dubuffet, vol. XXXV: Sites aléatoires, Paris 1986, p. 73, n° 142 (ill.) Exhibition: London, Waddington Galleries, Jean Dubuffet. A retrospective, October 1983, n° 46 (ill.)

 

Barbara Bassi

Arman (Nice 1928-2005 New York) Musical instruments bracelet, circa 1990 Diamonds and 18 kt yellow gold Unique piece signed and dedicated by Arman 'Arman for Janadine' Sonia Delaunay (Ukraine, Hradyz'k 1885-1979 Paris) Flamenco, 1979 Silver metal and enamel Limited edition Provenance: private collection, USA Literature: Cover of catalogue 'Bijoux d'artistes de Calder à Koons' by Diane Venet (Flammarion), Musée d'Art Décoratif, Paris, 2018

 

Martos Gallery

keith haring

growing suite, 1988

Screen print on Lenox Museum board Signed and dated with edition in graphite along right edge of sheet; retains Martin Lawrence Limited Edition and printer's blind stamps lower left edge of sheet 40 x 30 in: 101.6 x 76.2 cm 47 x 37 in; 119.4 x 94 cm (framed)

 

De Wit Fine Tapestries

victor vasarely

Victor Vasarely (Hungary 1906-1997 Paris) WA-4, circa 1970 Wool 156 x 156 cm Signed lower right corner Aubusson, atelier Pinton (Monogram lower left corner) Edition 1/6 The WA-4 tapestry consists of a large square divided into four squares, on top of which a fifth square is placed, itself divided into four squares. The inside of each of these squares is filled with rhombuses whose colour change from dark blue to purple and then to light beige. These rhombi are arranged on backgrounds of varying colours, ranging from charcoal grey to purple and pink, then from aqua green to pale pink and dark green. The different colour areas are clearly distinct from one another when viewed up close on the tapestry's very fine fabric. But when you step back and view the tapestry from a distance, the planes and shapes seem to interact with each other, and the colours appear to move. The optical effects are particularly striking here. Our gaze is captured by the illusion of movement created by the brain. Vasarely experimented with this fascinating relationship between vision and perception in his paintings, which he then transposed into various media, including glass, ceramics, metal, goldsmithing and tapestry. Vasarely relied on science, because he believed it was the only common language available to humanity. He developed a pictorial system based on the logic of algorithms and binary codes, a square background, coloured and filled with simple geometric shapes. A champion of geometric abstraction, he is best known as the inventor of op-kinetic art (the adjective kinetic derives from the Greek word κίνησις (kinesis), meaning “movement”). Op art or optical art was revealed to the general public by the sensational exhibition ‘Le Mouvement’ (1955), which Vasarely initiated at the Denise René gallery in Paris. In this exhibition he brought together younger artists such as Bury, Jacobsen, Soto and Tinguely alongside the leading figures of Marcel Duchamp and Alexander Calder.  Alongside his work as a painter, Vasarely devoted a significant portion of his activity to transposing his art into other media. He promoted the reproduction of his works as tapestries, as he saw this as an opportunity for recreation, in contrast to the concept of a unique work. He envisioned a concept of art for all, based on a new aesthetic, leading to ‘the polychrome city of happiness’. He thought of his tapestries as prototypes, hand-woven in limited numbers and displayed in the comfortable homes of art lovers. He painted around a hundred tapestry cartoons, woven in various workshops. Furthermore, he played a pioneering role by inviting other artists to try their hand at this art form, including Léger, Jean Arp, Agam, Atlan, Dewasne and Josef Albers. This textile experimentation was the result of Vasarely's encounter with François Tabard, an Aubusson tapestry entrepreneur, and Denise René, an avant-garde gallery owner. According to the artist, kinetic art, often described as cold, is compatible with tapestry insofar as it results from a "technique that allows for flat areas to retain warmth. There is none of the monotony of flat areas applied with a brush to a surface." With Tabard, Vasarely developed a systematic method of creating cartoons, allowing infinite chromatic combinations to be obtained. Denise René was the publisher of these tapestries (1952-1970). From 1966 onwards, the national tapestry manufacturers of the Gobelins and Beauvais wove Vasarely's designs. Shortly afterwards, another industrialist from Aubusson, Olivier Pinton, began weaving Vasarely's designs. More than thirty cartoons were finely woven, including WA-4, created around 1970.

 

Arte-Fact Fine Art

Victor Wolfvoet the Younger (Antwerp, 1612-1652) 'The Guardian Angel' and 'The Infant Christ with the Cross' Oil on copper Each H 8.5 x W 12.5 cm Authenticated by Dr. Bert Schepers dated September 30th, 2025 Provenance: Sotheby’s London, 1969; private collection, Italy

 

Galerie Flak

Hemba ancestor figure Singiti (commemorative portrait of a chief) Democratic Republic of Congo-Upper Congo River 19th century or early 20th century Carved wood H 86.5 cm Provenance: Mia van Bussel collection, Amsterdam; Kevin Conru collection, Brussels; Adrian Schlag collection, Brussels; Guilhem Montagut collection, Barcelona Literature: Lexikon der Afrikanischen Kunst, Karl-Ferdinand Schaedler, Munich, 1994, p. 242

 

Galerie BG Arts

Georges Clairin (Paris 1843-1919 Clohars-Carnoët) Portrait of Suzanne Lalique Oil on canvas 140 x 80 cm Signed 'Á Suzanne Lalique son ami G. Clairin' Provenance: property of Suzanne Lalique-Haviland; private collection, France Literature: Maritch-Haviland, N. de Léobardy, C., Lalique-Haviland-Burty Family Portraits, Limoges, 2009, p. 29, ill. in a group photograph, taken at Cours-la-Reine in Paris, showing Suzanne Lalique wearing this same dress for a costume ball to mark her birthday in about 1913 Georges Clairin is best remembered as an orientialist and portrait artist. He was a close friend and advisor to René Lalique. They regularly had dinner together and shared an interest in oriental objects, as well as travelling together to Venice. Clairin belonged to the bohemian world and painted Sarah Bernhardt, the celebrated actress of the day, in her different roles on numerous occasions. He also introduced her to Lalique, and she became one of Lalique’s most significant patrons for whom he designed jewellery. For both men, women were a constant theme of their work. As a family friend it is not surprising that Clairin should have painted Suzanne, René Lalique’s daughter, in costume for her birthday ball in 1913.

 

COLNAGHI

Attributed to the Menzies group Red-figure epichysis in terracotta with Hermaphroditos and a woman Greek, Apulian, circa 330-310 B.C. H 21 cm Provenance: Eugène Piot collection (1812-1890); his sale, 3 May 1870, lot n° 21; private collection, France; purchased from the above, 2022 Literature: F. Lenormand, Collection d’Antiquités Grecques recueillies dans la Grande-Grèce, l’Attique et l’Asie Mineure par M. Eug. P., Paris 1870, p. 16, n° 21 This epichysis is noteworthy for its provenance, as it was once part of the prestigious collection of Eugène Piot (1812–1890) - the French art critic, journalist, publisher, collector, and photographer - and it still bears his collection label. The present example also stands out for its above-average size and exceptional quality. It is in excellent condition and is typical of 4th-century BC Apulian Greek pottery. This vessel, characterized by its elegant neck surmounting a coiled body, was probably used to contain precious liquids intended for sparing use. Its delicate mouth seems ill-suited for serving wine, as has sometimes been suggested in the past, with some even describing such vases as “low-shaped oinochoai with flat bottoms.” Rather, they were most likely used for oil or perfume. The dropper-like mouth is flanked by two small, stylized masks in relief. The wide, disc-like shoulder of the vase has been decorated with particular attention to detail and form. The border is adorned with a frieze of eggs. A hermaphroditic Eros kneels and presents a mirror to a seated young woman, who also holds a mirror and a crown. On the reverse, an elegant arrangement of palmettes unfolds from the base of the handle and frames the central scene. The concave sides of the body are decorated with a vegetal frieze, overpainted in white and incised. Comparable examples are held at the Getty Museum in Malibu and the Musée Saint-Raymond in Toulouse; both have been attributed to the Menzies Group, active during the third quarter of the 4th century BC.

 

Chambre professionnelle belge de la Librairie Ancienne et Moderne (CLAM)

Hieronymus Bosch ('s-Hertogenbosch, circa 1450-1516) Parable of the two blind men, circa 1540-1570 Engraving by Pieter van der Heyden (circa 1530-1572) Published by Hieronymus Cock (Antwerp, 1518-1570) 22.2 x 22.5 cm References: New Hollstein Dutch 20 1(5), first state Lex Antiqua, Antiquarian printseller

 

Ars Antiqua

pieter van lint

Pieter van Lint (Antwerp, 1609-1690) Allegory of Labor rewarded by Peace and Abundance, in the presence of Minerva and Time Oil on copper 104 x 130 cm Authenticated by Professor Carlotta Venegoni Published on RKD

 

rodolphe janssen

léon wuidar

Léon Wuidar (Belgium, 1936) 03 novembre 09, 2009 Oil on canvas 50 x 40 cm

 

Galerie Greta Meert

john baldessari

John Baldessari (USA, 1931-2020) The Purple Series: Periwinkle, 2016 Varnished inkjet print on canvas with acrylic paint 240.7 x 111.4 cm

 

TASCHEN

ralph gibson

Ralph Gibson (Los Angeles, 1939) Ralph Gibson. Photographs 1960-2024 The most comprehensive collection of this highly acclaimed and prolific American photographer's work offers the fruit of more than six decades of image-making. Available in two limited art editions of 100 copies, each accompanied by a gelatin silver print numbered and signed by Gibson.

 

Lemaire

Pair of covered jars in Chinese porcelain Powdered-blue ground porcelain with Famille verte floral motifs, and mounted in chiseled silver (scrolls and stars) Kangxi period, early 18th century H 14.5 cm

 

Maison D'Art

François Perrier (Pontarlier, circa 1594-1649) The flight into Egypt, the Holy Family prepares to embark, circa 1640 Oil on canvas 100 x 90 cm Literature: M. A. Novelli, in T. Zennaro, ed., La Pittura Eloquente (exh. cat., Monte-Carlo, Maison d’Art), 2010, pp. 33-35, n° 5; A. Brogi, François Perrier e i ‘bolognesi’, Studi di Storia dell’Arte, 29, 2018, pp. 147-166: pp. 151-153 and colour plate XVI Exhibition: Maison d’Art, Monte-Carlo, June 16th-July 16th, 2010, n° 5

 

Galerie Haesaerts-le Grelle

Gustave Serrurier-Bovy (Liège, 1858-1910) Coat rack, circa 1905 Painted iron, brass, and enameled cast iron H 204 cm – Ø 63 cm Literature: Bigot du Mesnil du Buisson, F. & du Mesnil du Buisson, E., Serrurier-Bovy – un créateur précurseur – 1858–1910, Paris, Faton, 2008, p.166-167; Jacques-Grégoire Watelet, Serrurier-Bovy, Ateliers Vokaer, Brussels, 1986, p. 109 Designed in 1905 for the former Marchal confectionery shop on rue de l’Écuyer in Brussels, this sculptural work in iron and brass, measuring over two metres in height, embodies the very essence of the artist’s genius as a leading figure of Belgian Art Nouveau.

 

Repetto Gallery

victor vasarely

Victor Vasarely (Pecs 1908-1997 Paris) Kass - 99, 1971-1974 Acrylic on canvas 200 x 200 cm Signed lower right; signed, titled and dated on the reverse Certificate of authenticity by Pierre Vasarely Provenance: private collection, Italy

 

HELENE BAILLY MARCILHAC

raoul dufy

Raoul Dufy (Le Havre 1877-1953 Forcalquier) Le Pêcheur, 1907 Oil on canvas 46 x 55 cm Dedicated and signed lower right, to André Robert, Raoul Dufy Certificate of authenticity issued by Madame Fanny Guillon-Laffaille, dated December 17th, 2003 Provenance: private collection Literature: M. Laffaille, Raoul Dufy, Catalogue Raisonné de l'Oeuvre Peint, vol. I, Geneva, 1972, ill. n° 152, p. 136

 

Galerie La Patinoire Royale Bach

Erró (Ólafsvík, Iceland, 1932) Le Wall, 1975 Acrylic on canvas 99 x 67 cm

 

Edouard Simoens Gallery

raoul de keyser

Raoul De Keyser (Deinze, 1930-2012) Untitled, 1967 Oil on canvas 120 x 150 cm Provenance: acquired from the artist; private collection Literature: 'Raoul De Keyser: early works. Catalogue of paintings 1964-1980', Publ. Walther König, Keulen 2024, n° RDK-67 ill. Exhibition: Beervelde 20 km: Roger Raveel, Lucassen, Raoul De Keyser, Elias Kaleidoskoop, Gent 1967; 'Raoul De Keyser', Gal. M.A.S., Deinze 1967

 

Univers du Bronze

Emile-Antoine Bourdelle (France, 1861-1929) Beethoven à la colonne aux yeux fermés (1901) Studio plaster as 'à bon creux' H 62.4 x W 32 x D 28.3 cm Signed in relief 'Bourdelle' in the mould. Artist example detailled on the front in autograph writing '"Moi, je suis Bacchus... le nectar délicieux, Beethoven", dedicated on the base on the left " A Mlle Henriette Charasson, très sympathiquement, E.A.Bourdelle", example reworked by him (with letters from the sculptor to the patron). Cast in 1910

 

Virginie Devillez Fine Art

gustave de smet

Gustave De Smet (Ghent 1877-1943 Sint-Martens-Latem) Nu couché, 1928 Pencil, pastel and oil on paper 35 x 43 cm Signed lower right 'Gust. De Smet' Provenance: Walter Schwarzenberg, Brussels (Georges Giroux sale, Brussels, 1-2 February 1932, lot 43); Tony Herbert, Kortrijk; private collection, Belgium (by descent to the present owner) Literature: Piet Boyens, Gust. De Smet. Chronicle et Analysis of the Work, Antwerp, Fonds Mercator, 1989, CR 744 (p. 386); The Tony Herbert Collection, Deurle, Museum Dhondt-Dhaenens, 2011, p. 39 (ill.) Exhibitions: Brussels, Galerie Le Centaure, Gust. De Smet, 1928, cat. n° 69; Brussels, Galerie George Giroux, Gust. De Smet, 1929, cat. n° 160; Luxembourg, Musée d’Art et d’Histoire; Tony Herbert Collection, 1963-1964, cat. n° 38

 

Herwig Simons Fine Arts

Wooden chef-d'oeuvre of the Compagnonnage France, 19th century Walnut, maple and mohogany wood H 185 cm Provenance: former private collection, France A fine, rare and large nineteenth-century wooden exhibition model, the chef-d'oeuvre of a master carpenter of the Compagnonnage. These models were made to show the technical expertise and skill of the master carpenter. The Compagnonnage is an old French guild with roots in the 12th century. In the eighteenth century, they incorporated symbols and rituals, many of which were borrowed from Freemasonry to create an initiatory progression for its members.

 
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